right and that we would think we'd like to. settle things out the pacific island country. i was brought up in the higher the peace activist mother she's been around during peace activist last summer my blood and i feel a responsibility to continue that when. i have this funny memory of buying a greenpeace sticker that you put on your windows of the rainbow warrior and the face of terrorism. on a part that was on a peaceful mission and really sort of shocked my idea of living in a safe country. it's the younger generation that teaching the next generation a legacy of hump really that i think that we have given young people. twenty is it's we actually pass the rule and we want to young people to know about the war because any was only four when that law was passed. and the old hands of the

if it's a taste i swear it is. not and that's. what. i have the feeling is. that they were putting a lot of money in the system in the same thing they knew that if all that. listening to the stories oath people like mum and peacemakers in israel and in the way they've done is make it hard and i think that old i've seen what ordinary citizens can do and make a difference and i feel that i can contribute to prevent the young people from feeling a sense of powerlessness the pacifists remind them of the long crusade that made their country nuclear free and under neither confirm nor deny you can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those boats to go out there and actually protest i mean it was something we did as ordinary said. working with governments you've got

a partnership model there that is an unusual i think around the world. to notice it took another twelve years to get along a government that actually ran over the nuclear ticket at one. and then it was consolidated by the stupidity of the french in thinking that they would somehow stop this problem by bombing remember warrior and what it did instead was it absolutely cemented it hope you know you're right it's important to remember that the british and australia on aboriginal aimed for that came from near actually came over to new zealand not just from what was happening by the french entirely. the british preceded the french from the pacific beginning in one nine hundred fifty two they tested their way into the very restricted nuclear one by the u.s.s.r. united with the assistance of the australian and new zealand military. you see them

to speech and study. the results demonstrated the presence of elevated chromosomal disturbances of new zealand fictions in the fifty years ago so they're basically saying i have suffered any damage. we spoke recently as a national conference here on disarmament when the daughter of one of the trends spycatcher father was still to speak and she talked about growing up with that fear of having an eye chart prone to food and even uneasy and because of the effects of radiation from her father being exposed to nuclear tests in the pacific. and i'm lucky. i have three move children. and i don't live with the think. i was so it was normal until i until i got to school and sit on the mitts and go around so i would appear. and most of the kids would say i'm up as

a take for news and then. and my mom tries to stop nuclear. because that's how i understood. crane is. now working at the disarmament security center. back in the one nine hundred seventy s. when i was in and she submarine helicopters i was required to train my air crew in using this new to drop the bomb which we were given. if we ever had to release it true a helicopter we could not escape before it doesn't it and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was reassured that we probably would never really have to use it . it shocked me but i was ambitious no one else was complaining and we were told

that this is the only way that britain could keep independence i realize that. only later many years later of. this was completely untrue. as a new converts against nuclear weapons i was looked upon with great school by the. peace movement in britain i tried to explain that i was not a psychopath my friends we are psychopaths and we are professional military men. who thought for a deeply about what we did but i did agree with them the nuclear weapon aspect was an aberration. i think. i'm trying to think. he had a conscience to do something about these and i can imagine a guy around its merits. just coming later and i see him so now so

passionate about. what he does that it's just said nother rob well it's the ultimate cautionary tale but of a says nothing like that. the always tend to overdo it because you really understand you know which of what is being proposed the pentagon. will say oh don't worry we have everyone well trained we have plenty of safety systems there can not be a accidental start of a nuclear war but no through weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that something might be going off by mistake specially with a thousand nuclear weapons on head trigger alert in the us and in russia in the united states they have i think it's eleven atomic bombs accidentally. we dropped four off of space and we have dropped one a nuclear weapon in

a marsh here in the united states now and still there are a number of the nuclear nucular weapons are such a huge issue with such high risks associated with them that there's a natural tendency to play both sides. away they say they're coming back but at the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons. given the number of near misses we are lucky to still be here the activists are convinced that an accident is pending ok and that the only valid security system is the total abolition of nuclear weapons in ninety six when we began the swell project idea there was this dream if you see i could clean it with friends and legal in everywhere else in the world by going to the world course we could get the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people

it's an illegal to use nuclear weapon tomorrow and the dream was that it would be easy to get it through the u.n. and into the world court and that eventually these weapons would be declared illegal as we had done in our own country and thank goodness that we would dream is and i'm realistic can say that that we were both stood by the sense of how this could happen but the real sources of international treaties customary international law and the general principles of law recognized by the legal systems of the world . that by categorical on the banning of nuclear weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used by we have a strike threat you know to mostly. i threat only use of force by means of nuclear weapons and that these

contradictory to article two of the united nations charter and article fifty one. is unlawful. nucular deter and says we have nuclear weapons but our goal is not to use them if need. your goal is to have them at our disposal. this means that we are not in the realm of the real we are in the realm of the virtual need don't know what you're in here to argue it is contrary to international law or even to have in one's assonance this weapon because the purpose of the weapon is to use it as a threat or as an actual weapon the nuclear powers or alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro

nuclear. and we were debating about. the world court opinion and whether nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said that . it was a mistake to go into the course but governments would ignore it and that's true they have done. and he of the relied on all the time was he said and of course we never actually will have to use them and the to me is the heart of the problem for the people who brought you to terence is that if they try to claim a level use names terms doesn't work we're meant we would argue that terence does mean use of it is a use of a nuclear weapon to actually threaten to use them and that's when you into the will cause the first time you've fought to get that threet you know and this isn't it it was the south pacific noise and the activists that i get to have threesome clued in that original question is if you have included threats then the. nuclear states

could valued well we're only relying to terence which is threat and so we're not going to use so i waited for him in. return from here is going to go back to the court region. at the time the judges agreed unanimously on the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting ted that opinion on and. this is. what i understand that the law is and others wanting to do is to use the unanimous passing of the opinion and i wanted to say to new zone how can we might that stronger how can we you know what are they doing that state practice that is still illegal. is it your understanding of it as a man that they're looking for some new leiva to put more pressure on the equip states to comply and design completely not just to reduce. yes on

nuclear weapons in fact it's reverse since the world court decision the americans particularly have come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear weapons and so we're back to almost like a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror instead and so it's going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their heads over the parapet the nonproliferation treaty does provide a framework for ending the threat of destruction species for the greater work and the signing signer states they agreed to take a good faith effort to eliminate nuclear weapons none of them lived up to that and now of course we focus on regulations by others those who are like policemen on the word scene i am talking of the nuclear powers they have violating this very little which they want other countries to observe now what if

a policeman violates the law he cannot expect the rest of the hood to comply but the law of the only system that would work would be one that is perceived to be nondiscriminatory and fair and equally applying to all countries one approach that has followed these days as you know dividing the worry between friends court and god good countries and court and court bad or rogue countries or evil to do with that approach doesn't work it doesn't take too much to remember that in the one nine hundred eighty s. dabbles sand in iraq was a friend of the west. stood for intelligence agencies that the invasion of iraq would spur the. nuclear proliferation and terror for good reasons and these are the only means of deterrence to the other side. and nobody's going to turn to the united states where the us spends about as

much as the rest of the world. are spending so the only way it isn't deterring. nuclear weapons and turn. the activists are understandably anxious as a result of the nuclear posture review in this classified u.s. military document the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear weapons against a nuclear offensive are cancelled a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals must be upgraded to make them easier to use france and britain have responded with surprising enthusiasm to this nuclear renaissance. that the united kingdom is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security it was attacking the united kingdom some have got the very strange idea that because there's terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can they use nuclear weapons against terrorists but it would that not be rather like

shooting musk eaters with camels i think the british would make a much bigger splash in the history of the world if the this side of that they let the program expire we are still fighting the polio war between britain and france because when i finally corner. any senior british military man these days and ask him why do you need nuclear weapons they say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do with the russians it's to do with the french we cannot allow france to be the only european nuclear power. and there is this fear that britain will become like president. if they're going to be free they will be. of no consequence in the world .

even though i do this work i constantly get overwhelmed i mean that discussion that we were having talking about the reality of next here weapons and three sometimes i just want i just i've had enough. and lose heart but at the same time i think. something has to be down and if i am going to persist that i can do something i will. now currents generation go out the woods and things. that now you know i don't know maybe you guys but none of the young people i speak to a movie night go out there in person. and ninety three also for different names also interesting that it was a sunday edition someone who can sign it and i have a shame. that belonging because yes which comes from live sort of projects you go on and people solidarity emerges from it which i don't think exists so much among young people not it and not it just as it's before the invasion of iraq there

were millions of people protesting and still you know there's a million people around and i'm interesting to watch or so i mean it's not necessarily it's you've got to convince the public so you may have all the pope said suddenly we're going to be excited you know we're going to be here and what i'm going to be really doing to you trace and i think the mobilization that would occur would be huge and many said yeah i know one story and you want anything because it's kind of the feeling is still there to kind of pace down. there. but i also think that a lot of young people that aspect might be interested in some ways but not complacent and that overwhelmed by all of us here resentment but the made them and we don't listen to the guards the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of venture you're going to blow everybody up you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to

it. in two thousand and six canadian activists trying to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament worldwide military expenditures had risen to more than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event for those who took to the streets during the cold war. the nuclear early ninety's was probably the most. the largest and most effective nonviolent peace movement in history and successful i'm in the united states was moving towards sharp increase in offensive nuclear capacities and it the government was forced to back down in fact of the reagan administration was forced to adopt the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs that's where star wars comes from and we're not planning to attack anyone or just planning to eliminate nuclear weapons if you

measured the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred two there were one million marched in central park in new york at the height of the cold war. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty well the big difference in numbers true is the peace movement lost its we're going to. talk significantly but the lesson there is very clear a mass violent political movement can change rooms. and the importance of nuclear proliferation is very much. aware of or concerned with what a surprise to discover a fifteen year old concerned by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael even though. i'd just like to say that you and your speech is now serving part of this. story. i'd like to play.

right once i actually found out how bad it was on three different people who really made it clear to me speakers. and the search which shocked me and i watched it smash were very last stage you have a speaker all the way from new york. she is an activist nuclear disarmament educator producer your advisor on the list just keeps going there's different warm welcome for kathleen. ok the effectiveness of a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the of the social movements themselves in the activists involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sailed boats in the nuclear test songs they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the

second world war are equivalent to say three megatons that includes the two nuclear weapons used on hiroshima and nagasaki all the bombs in the bullets. that represents all of the firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another sound and this second sound is the equivalent firepower of the world's nuclear arsenal today.

the only way forward that would make sense and would stop this madness for seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons is for those countries that have nuclear weapons to find a way to give them up and to rely for security non-nuclear means. and when i say a mad rush over the past couple of weeks five or six countries have indicated that they might be interested in developing a capability to enrich uranium australia canada ukraine kazakhstan south africa. these countries sense that why should they be left behind

canada is interested in a small level of richmond very far away from a nuclear weapon capability but the technology for enrichment nonetheless is the same we sometimes for for to it as a latent proliferation you put in place all the technologies to make nuclear weapons but you stop at a much lower level. orders to use part in all this we were third or that our dedication to peacekeeping as a percentage of gross domestic product is now dropped down to late. we used to be leading the world in the battle against nuclear proliferation and we were little leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to. make progress because. it's a member of nature and nature is a neutral lots just like matthew that you've signed on to which clearly canadian

foreign policy the first policy military policy has been changed dramatically and we canadians are big trouble in terms of birth historical commitment to peace and disarmament. every. thing is in place to proceed with disarmament one hundred eighty eight countries committed to disarm they said the shining message that goodwill could prevail but so far the governments choose to spend billions perfecting this terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or global warming. will future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their parents will be live without seeing a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but until the treaties and international law are on may the bond be with.

one.

just. new the latest in science technology from the realm. of the future. in india in the movie. the hotel. the gateway hotel the grand imperial truly.

read this in the hotel retreat. today's top stories there were a few. minutes last sunday around one hundred. relatives and investigators are all looking to why the ship sunk so we'll bring you all the details from the recovery site in just a moment. the apology. for the phone hacking by one of its british papers c.e.o. in the u.k. . banking on change libyan rebels now have full diplomatic recognition from washington. in the u.s.

. continental cash crunch as america faces up to the possibility. with the stories that made headlines this week you're watching the weekly here on out it's been described as the biggest. modern history in the space of just three minutes a pleasure cruiser with two hundred eight people on board went down in the taking of a half its passengers with it nearly one hundred thirty people were killed many of them children. to raise the ship from the bottom is underway. the bulgaria is still under the water at the moment behind me you can probably see the tops of two enormous cranes that have been brought up from further downstream

and they're attached to them or is it an enormous cable that goes down and is threaded underneath the ship and that cable is going to be used first of all at the moment divers and the crane teams are in the process of trying to write that will garrett was leaned on his left side and then once they've righted it they'll be able to start to lift it up a lot of the complications that divers are facing are due to the way under speed that the ship sank. firstly the fact that it's on its left side will mean that divers will have to go under that left side as it's righted first of all to check that the ship is structurally sound to be ready to be raised and also to try and look for some of the fifteen bodies which have still to be accounted for which still haven't been found then once they start to raise the ship divers are going to have to first of all try and find essentially the hole that let in all the water and on some of the ship once they have found.